Power consumption model of sector breathing based congestion control in
mobile network
Anwesha Mukherjee, Debashis De
*
, Priti Deb
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, West Bengal University of Technology, BF-142, Sector1, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700064, India
ARTICLE INFO
Keywords:
Cell breathing
Sectoring
Power
Interference
ABSTRACT
According to Cooper's law, the number of conversations per location doubles every two and a half years.
Therefore, congestion control has become a promising research area. Nowadays small cell deployment has
become a solution to deal with congestion. If large numbers of small cells are allocated for congestion control,
then two critical issues will arise: densification and interference management. In such a scenario sector breathing
can offer low power congestion control by avoiding densification problem. This paper proposes a power con-
sumption model for sector breathing based congestion control in a mobile network. With sector breathing, a
congested cell is sectored at an angle of 60
or 120
. The congested sectors are then identified. The lightly loaded
neighbour cells of the congested sector are sectored at 60
. The sectors of the lightly loaded cell capture the
border region customers of the adjacent congested sector by increasing the coverage area. When the transmitter
antenna of the adjacent lightly loaded sector expands coverage to provide service to the subscribers residing at the
border region of the congested sector, the transmitter antenna of the congested sector reduces its coverage area.
The simulation results indicate that sector breathing reduces the power transmission of the BS antennas by
approximately 6–75% and 62–75% compared cell breathing and dense femtocell allocation based congestion
controls respectively. Simulation results also show that sector breathing reduces the power consumption of the BS
antennas by approximately 6–64% and 82–90% compared with the cell breathing and dense femtocell allocation
based congestion controls, respectively. Hence sector breathing is a green congestion control approach.
1. Introduction
Nowadays mobile communication has become an increasingly
important part of our lives. In cellular network, the service area contains
location areas (LAs) where each LA has a number of cells. Each cell has a
base station (BS). According to the coverage area cells are divided into
four categories: macrocell (coverage 1–10 km), microcell (coverage
200m-1km), picocell (coverage 20–200 m) and femtocell (coverage
10–20 m). Green low power mobile network is a promising research area
[1]. To provide green mobile network, optimization of the transmitted
power of each BS is required without compromising with the quality of
service even during congestion. Congestion occurs usually in confined
areas with high user concentration, for example: shopping mall, sta-
diums, etc. Cell breathing is one of the popular congestion control
techniques in mobile network. The basic idea is: when the load increases
the effective coverage area of the overloaded cell shrinks and the adja-
cent cells increase their coverage to capture the customers situated at the
border of the overloaded cell [2]. In cell breathing there is a constant
change in the range of geographical area covered by a cellular telephony
transmitter which is based on the amount of traffic presently using that
transmitter [2–4]. But cell breathing increases the transmission power of
all the six adjacent BSs. This causes huge increase in the total trans-
mission power in the LA containing all of these six BSs along with the
overloaded BS. To extend the cell breathing scheme, directional cell
breathing comes into the scenario [5]. In directional cell breathing a cell
is divided into six sectors and a sector adjusts its coverage based on the
traffic [5]. In this paper we have proposed the power consumption model
of sector breathing based congestion control. Sector breathing is a
sectoring based cell breathing scheme where the congested cell is
sectored at 60
or 120
, a sector expands or shrinks its coverage area
based on the user traffic.
1.1. Motivations and contributions of proposed work
According to the Cooper's law, the number of conversations per
location doubles every two and a half years [6,7] as shown in Fig. 1. With
* Correspondi ng author.
E-mail address: dr.debashis.de@gmail.com (D. De).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Digital Communications and Networks
journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/digital-communications-and-networks/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2017.07.003
Received 31 August 2015; Received in revised form 17 May 2017; Accepted 4 July 2017
Available online 5 July 2017
2352-8648/© 2017 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi. This is an open access article
under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Digital Communications and Networks 4 (2018) 217–233
