Article
Differentiated Data Aggregation Routing Scheme
for Energy Conserving and Delay Sensitive Wireless
Sensor Networks
Xujing Li
1
, Wei Liu
2
, Mande Xie
3,
*, Anfeng Liu
1,4
ID
, Ming Zhao
5
, Neal N. Xiong
6
ID
,
Miao Zhao
7
and Wan Dai
7
1
School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
xujingli@csu.edu.cn (X.L.); afengliu@mail.csu.edu.cn (A.L.)
2
School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; weiliu@csu.edu.cn
3
School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University,
Hangzhou 310018, China
4
The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
5
School of Software, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; meanzhao@mail.csu.edu.cn
6
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464,
USA; xiongnaixue@gmail.com
7
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China;
terrence3333@163.com (M.Z.); pengt18@163.com (W.D.)
* Correspondence: xiemd@zjgsu.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-731-8887-9628
Received: 9 June 2018; Accepted: 17 July 2018; Published: 19 July 2018
Abstract:
Data aggregation is a widely adopted method to effectively reduce the data transmission
volume and improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the data aggregation
networks, some parameters directly determine the delay of aggregation. In industrial applications,
the data generated by different sensors have different requirements for delay or other QoS
performance. In the previous study, a common strategy is that all kinds of data is aggregated
into one frame when the condition is satisfied with a QoS requirement, which causes excessive
energy consumption and severely impairs the lifetime of network. A Differentiated Data Aggregation
Routing (DDAR) scheme is proposed to reduce energy consumption and guarantee that the delay
could be controlled within the corresponding QoS requirement constraint. The primary contributions
of the DDAR scheme are the following: (a) The DDAR scheme makes data with different QoS
requirement route to the sink along the different paths. The parameters of the aggregators in each
path, such as aggregation deadline (
T
t
) and the aggregation threshold (
N
t
), are configured according
to the QoS requirements. Accordingly, energy consumption can be reduced without degrading
the performance of data transmission. (b) Based on DDAR scheme, an improved DDAR scheme
is proposed to further improve performance through fully utilize the residual energy in the nodes
which are far from the sink. The frequency of aggregation of these nodes increases by reducing the
value of
T
t
and
N
t
so as to further improve the energy efficiency and reduce delay. Simulation results
demonstrate that compared with the previous scheme, this scheme reduces the delay by 25.01%,
improves the lifetime by 55.45%, and increases energy efficiency by 83.99%. The improved DDAR
scheme improves the energy efficiency by 33.97% and service guarantee rate by 10.11%.
Keywords:
differentiated data aggregation routing; wireless sensor networks; delay sensitive;
energy efficiency
Sensors 2018, 18, 2349; doi:10.3390/s18072349 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
