Citation: Trstenjak, M.; Opetuk, T.;
Ðuki´c, G.; Cajner, H. Logistics 5.0
Implementation Model Based on
Decision Support Systems.
Sustainability 2022, 14, 6514. https://
doi.org/10.3390/su14116514
Academic Editors: João Carlos de
Oliveira Matias and Paolo Renna
Received: 14 April 2022
Accepted: 24 May 2022
Published: 26 May 2022
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Article
Logistics 5.0 Implementation Model Based on Decision
Support Systems
Maja Trstenjak * , Tihomir Opetuk , Goran Ðuki´c and Hrvoje Cajner
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lucica 5,
10000 Zagreb, Croatia; tihomir.opetuk@fsb.hr (T.O.); goran.dukic@fsb.hr (G.Ð.); hrvoje.cajner@fsb.hr (H.C.)
* Correspondence: maja.trstenjak@fsb.hr; Tel.: +385-98-908-2564
Abstract:
With the introduction of Society 5.0 for the sustainable future, special caution is given to
humans’ role within the general system. Similarly, Industry 5.0 as a concept has been presented,
followed by Logistics 5.0 in its theoretical framework. The transition towards the new concept of
Logistics 5.0 requires an accurate and optimal strategic plan definition for which, in this paper, an
implementation model based on decision support systems will be developed. The output data from
this model are the priority of Logistics 5.0 elements (from five groups—green warehousing, green
transport, green packaging, infrastructure and organization, and human resources) for the optimal
implementation, based on three goals (initial investment, return of investment time, implementation
and exploitation complexity) that companies aim to achieve in the future. The model is based on the
analytic hierarchy process, and data were collected from an expert group and analyzed with several
statistical methods. The result is a model that provides an optimal strategy for the implementation
of elements of Logistics 5.0. The implementation priority list of elements is very beneficial for the
management of many companies from various types of industries.
Keywords:
Logistics 5.0; Industry 4.0; readiness; decision support systems; analytic hierarchy
process; strategy
1. Introduction
Logistics processes are one of the key parts of manufacturing, along with technology
and organizational processes. In the very beginning, the term sustainability was closely
related to production as derived from industrial ecology and green production [
1
]. With
market expansion, globalization, and the higher influence of competitors, there is a need
for merging the various production processes (so as the companies) with help of supply
chains. This is how the company relates to its suppliers, logistics service providers, and
customers. By adding the environmental and economic component of sustainability to the
supply chain, as well as the digital component in terms of Industry 4.0, the digital Logistics
5.0 systems are formed, which is a key focus of this research [2].
Digitization is a needed perspective of every manufacturing company on every level.
Industry 4.0 as a concept represents a digital solution for automated work with the possi-
bility of predictive activities enabled by big data analytics [
3
]. The human role within this
system changes. Manual work is relocated to artificial intelligence, while the human takes
the place of a system and process controller and developer.
Industry 5.0 (often presented as part of the Society 5.0 concept) goes a step further and
deals with the human role within the production system, its interaction with technology, as
well as other humans within the system [
4
]. The implementation of Industry 4.0 demands
an optimal personalized strategy definition to increase future benefits and minimize the cost
of the transformation [5]. Similar is the path to the implementation of Industry 5.0, which
can be also observed for its components, such as Logistics 5.0. Logistics 5.0 must provide a
sustainable and eco-friendly system on many levels, but also with special caution to human
Sustainability 2022, 14, 6514. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116514 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
