Article
Demand Management for Resilience Enhancement of
Integrated Energy Distribution System against
Natural Disasters
Yuting Xu * , Songsong Chen, Shiming Tian and Feixiang Gong
Citation: Xu, Y.; Chen, S.; Tian, S.;
Gong, F. Demand Management for
Resilience Enhancement of Integrated
Energy Distribution System against
Natural Disasters. Sustainability 2022,
14, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su14010005
Academic Editors:
Luis Hernández-Callejo,
Sergio Nesmachnow and
Sara Gallardo Saavedra
Received: 24 October 2021
Accepted: 30 November 2021
Published: 21 December 2021
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China; 15901168062@163.com (S.C.);
oldtian@sina.com.cn (S.T.); gongfeixiangouc@126.com (F.G.)
* Correspondence: yutingxu163@163.com
Abstract:
For energy sustainability, the integrated energy distribution system (IEDS) is an efficient
and clean energy system, which is based on the coordinated operation of a power distribution
network, a gas distribution network and a district heating system. In this paper, considering the
damage of natural disasters to IEDS, a demand management strategy is proposed to improve
resilience of IEDS and ensure stable operation, which is divided into three stages. In the first stage,
the electricity, natural gas and thermal energy are co-optimized in the simulating fault state to develop
the importance ranking of transmission lines and gas pipelines. In the second stage, the natural
disasters are classified as surface natural disasters and geological natural disasters. According to
the types of natural disasters, the demand management strategy includes semi-emergency demand
management scheme and full-emergency demand management scheme in the electrical resilience
mode and the integrated resilience mode, respectively. In the third stage, the non-sequential Monte-
Carlo simulation and scenario reduction algorithm are applied to describe potential natural disaster
scenarios. According to the importance ranking of transmission lines and gas pipelines, a demand
management strategy is formulated. Finally, the proposed strategy is applied on an IEEE 33-bus
power system and a 19-node natural gas system. Its effectiveness is verified by numerical
case studies
.
Keywords:
demand management; integrated energy distribution system; resilience; co-optimization;
non-sequential Monte-Carlo simulation; scenario reduction algorithm
1. Introduction
With the development of society and economy, predatory energy consumption has
caused environmental pollution [
1
] and energy crisis [
2
]. The integrated energy distribution
system (IEDS) [
3
,
4
] takes full account of electricity, natural gas, heat and other forms of
energy coupling. It can achieve the effect of energy mutual benefit according to the energy
consumption characteristics of electricity, natural gas and heat. Hence, IEDS is an efficient
and clean energy system.
On the other hand, frequent natural disasters have severely affected the energy system.
In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake caused power outages in 8.71 million homes in
the affected area [
5
]. In 2012, approximately 7.5 million customers suffered power outages
in the Hurricane Sandy in New York and the disaster caused an economic loss of 65 billion
US dollars [
6
]. Many typhoons from the Pacific will land in China every year. For example,
Jiangsu Province was hit by a typhoon in 2016, which caused two 500-kV transmission
lines, four 220-kV transmission lines, and eight 110-kV transmission lines to trip and left
many customers without power [
7
]. In this regard, it is necessary and exigent to enhance
the IEDS resilience. The IEDS resilience is derived from the extension of power system
resilience, which can be defined as the ability to anticipate, resist, absorb and recover from
disruptions caused by extreme natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes [8].
Sustainability 2022, 14, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010005 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
