Citation: Go´zdziuk, M.; Kavetskyy,
T.; Roquero, D.M.; Smutok, O.;
Gonchar, M.; Královiˇc, D.P.;
Švajdlenková, H.; Šauša, O.; Kalinay,
P.; Nosrati, H.; et al. UV-Cured Green
Polymers for Biosensorics:
Correlation of Operational
Parameters of Highly Sensitive
Biosensors with Nano-Volumes and
Adsorption Properties. Materials 2022,
15, 6607. https://doi.org/10.3390/
ma15196607
Academic Editor: Béla Iván
Received: 30 August 2022
Accepted: 16 September 2022
Published: 23 September 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Article
UV-Cured Green Polymers for Biosensorics: Correlation of
Operational Parameters of Highly Sensitive Biosensors with
Nano-Volumes and Adsorption Properties
Magdalena Go´zdziuk
1
, Taras Kavetskyy
2,3,
* , Daniel Massana Roquero
4
, Oleh Smutok
4,5
,
Mykhailo Gonchar
2,5
, David P. Královiˇc
6
, Helena Švajdlenková
7
, Ondrej Šauša
6,8
, Pavol Kalinay
8
,
Hamed Nosrati
9
, Migle Lebedevaite
10
, Sigita Grauzeliene
10
, Jolita Ostrauskaite
10
, Arnold Kiv
11
and Bo
˙
zena Zgardzi´nska
1,
*
1
Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University,
82100 Drohobych, Ukraine
3
Department of Materials Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
5
Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
79005 Lviv, Ukraine
6
Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
7
Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
8
Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
9
Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences,
Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
10
Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology,
50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
11
Department of Innovation Technologies, South-Ukrainian K.D. Ushynsky National Pedagogical University,
65020 Odesa, Ukraine
* Correspondence: kavetskyy@yahoo.com (T.K.); bozena.zgardzinska@mail.umcs.pl (B.Z.);
Tel.: +38-03244-37700 (T.K.); +48-81-537-6286 (B.Z.)
Abstract:
The investigated polymeric matrixes consisted of epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), acrylated
epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (RD1), vanillin dimethacrylate
(VDM), triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts (PI), and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone
(DMPA). Linseed oil-based (ELO/PI, ELO/10RD1/PI) and soybean oil-based (AESO/VDM,
AESO/VDM/DMPA) polymers were obtained by cationic and radical photopolymerization reactions,
respectively. In order to improve the cross-linking density of the resulting polymers, 10 mol.% of RD1
was used as a reactive diluent in the cationic photopolymerization of ELO. In parallel, VDM was
used as a plasticizer in AESO radical photopolymerization reactions. Positron annihilation lifetime
spectroscopy (PALS) was used to characterize vegetable oil-based UV-cured polymers regarding their
structural stability in a wide range of temperatures (120–320 K) and humidity. The polymers were
used as laccase immobilization matrixes for the construction of amperometric biosensors. A direct
dependence of the main operational parameters of the biosensors and microscopical characteristics
of polymer matrixes (mostly on the size of free volumes and water content) was established. The
biosensors are intended for the detection of trace water pollution with xenobiotics, carcinogenic
substances with a very negative impact on human health. These findings will allow better predictions
for novel polymers as immobilization matrixes for biosensing or biotechnology applications.
Keywords:
vegetable oil-based polymers; UV curing; positron annihilation; immobilization matrixes;
amperometric biosensors
Materials 2022, 15, 6607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196607 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
