Citation: Moravec, J.; Blatnický, M.;
Dižo, J. An Application of a Magnetic
Impulse for the Bending of Metal
Sheet Specimens. Materials 2022, 15,
3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/
ma15103558
Academic Editors: Arkadiusz Gola,
Izabela Nielsen and Patrik Grznár
Received: 29 March 2022
Accepted: 12 May 2022
Published: 16 May 2022
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Article
An Application of a Magnetic Impulse for the Bending of Metal
Sheet Specimens
Ján Moravec , Miroslav Blatnický and Ján Dižo *
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia;
jan.moravec@fstroj.uniza.sk (J.M.); miroslav.blatnicky@fstroj.uniza.sk (M.B.)
* Correspondence: jan.dizo@fstroj.uniza.sk; Tel.: +421-41-513-2764
Abstract:
Currently, classical methods for the creation of various shapes and bending angles of metal
sheet parts are applied. They are represented by the so-called all-metal forming tools. Non-standard
methods, which in some cases exceed conventional technical solutions, are used in the practice to
a minor extent. This is an area of interest from the point of view of ecology, because the shaping
process performed in this way does not burden the environment in any considerable way. The
knowledge presented in this work is obtained based on experiments in laboratory conditions. The
list of literature contains mainly works from the recent period. The research represents a contribution
to the great mosaic of magnetism. The aim of the current paper is to also verify the possibilities of
the suitability of a special tool in the formation of metal sheet specimens using the application of the
so-called forming with a free core. Additional benefits of the experimental work and their results are
anticipated. The contribution is complemented by detailed calculations and diagrams. The practical
contribution and research is that the device used for forming has been successfully tested. It turns
out that the presented method is suitable for further development. The method has proven that is it
suitable for industrial applications where simple shapes are produced.
Keywords: bending process; magnetic impulse; metal sheet; punch
1. Introduction
For decades, forming technology has occupied a leading position in the field of
mechanical engineering. Its main advantage is the significant savings of materials, which
are proving to be very suitable and appropriate in the current pressure for green production
(in general and worldwide). Another advantage of forming is its relatively easy process
of automatization. The significant importance of forming technology is also the fact that
it allows a substantial increase in labor productivity. This is preferably reflected in a
shortening of the production cycle and a reduction in labor. However, the introduction of
new knowledge into the production and use of the advantages of forming technologies also
depends on a proper design for forming tools. The main principle consists of the application
of new procedures by using physical knowledge, which is a large reservoir of stimuli. Here,
forming mainly takes place in the so-called non-rigid instruments. They are forming tools,
whose design and production take into account the use of new solutions without the need
for all-metal tools. Nothing can be underestimated when applying forming processes. The
very way of the presented sphere belongs to the spectrum of unconventional technological
processes of forming. The research presented in [
1
] highlights the investigation of the
influence of coil length on electromagnetic forming. Van Hunsel et al. [
2
] studied the
possibilities of creating of shaped fittings in a special tool of their own design. Meng et al.
researched the effects of important parameters during the electromagnetic forming of sheets
made of a magnesium alloy [
3
]. The contribution by Golovaschenko [
4
] is important form
the point of view of practical possibilities and applications of electromagnetic forming for
the automotive industry. Unger et al. [
5
] contributed with their research on the overview of
Materials 2022, 15, 3558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103558 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
