Citation: Huang, L.; Lu, Z.; Ren, C.;
Liu, Z.; Xiao, Z.; Song, J.; Li, B.
Research on Detection Technology of
Spoofing under the Mixed
Narrowband and Spoofing
Interference. Remote Sens. 2022, 14,
2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/
rs14102506
Academic Editor: Xiaogong Hu
Received: 10 April 2022
Accepted: 20 May 2022
Published: 23 May 2022
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Technical Note
Research on Detection Technology of Spoofing under the Mixed
Narrowband and Spoofing Interference
Long Huang
1
, Zukun Lu
1
, Chao Ren
2
, Zhe Liu
1,
*, Zhibin Xiao
1
, Jie Song
1
and Baiyu Li
1
1
College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology,
Changsha 410073, China; longhuang@nudt.edu.cn (L.H.); luzukun@nudt.edu.cn (Z.L.);
xiaozhibin@nudt.edu.cn (Z.X.); songjie16@nudt.edu.cn (J.S.); lby0505@nudt.edu.cn (B.L.)
2
Beijing BDStar Navigation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100080, China; chaoren@bdstar.com
* Correspondence: l_z@nudt.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-152-7499-9913
Abstract:
The global navigation satellite system has achieved great success in the civil and military
fields and is an important resource for space-time information services. However, spoof interference
has always been one of the main threats to the application security of satellite navigation receivers. In
order to further improve the application security of satellite navigation receivers, this paper focuses
on the application scenarios where narrowband and spoofing interference exist at the same time,
studies the problem of spoofing interference detection under mixed interference conditions, then
proposes a spoofing interference detection method based on the tracking loop identification curve.
This method can effectively deal with the detection of spoofing interference under the conditions
of narrowband interference and, at the same time, it can effectively detect the spoofing interference
of gradual deviation. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the spoofing interference
detection method, based on the tracking loop discrimination curve. In typical jamming and spoofing
scenarios, when the spoofing signal is about 7.5 m away from the real signal, the method used in
this paper can achieve effective detection. The proposed detection method is of great significance for
improving the anti-spoofing capability of satellite navigation receivers.
Keywords:
satellite navigation; GPS; spoofing interference; narrowband interference; interference
detection
1. Introduction
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is the core infrastructure for provid-
ing spatiotemporal information services; it plays an irreplaceable role in all aspects of
human activities [
1
,
2
]. From the financial system, power system, communication system,
transportation, agriculture, forestry and fishery, hydrological monitoring, meteorological
forecasting, disaster relief and mitigation, public safety, smart wear, etc., in the civilian
realm to the military one, for the individual soldier, mobile combat platforms, and weapons
guidance systems. It can be argued that satellite navigation systems and application termi-
nals play an important and even core role [
3
–
6
]. Its all-time, all-weather, high-precision,
low-cost, and other characteristics make it an important choice for navigation and tim-
ing tasks [
7
–
9
]. All major satellite navigation systems are in the process of continuous
upgrading and continuous development, improving their performance of spatiotemporal
information services in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability in different
application scenarios [10–12].
However, since the format of civil satellite navigation signals is an open one, it is not
difficult for unofficial organizations and unauthorized individuals to forge and generate
civil satellite navigation signals [
13
–
15
]. Authorized signals where the signal format is not
disclosed can be forged by forwarding, and the power of the satellite navigation signals
is weak when they reach the surface. By suppressing interference, deceiving interfer-
ence, etc., an attacker can reduce or destroy satellite navigation without spending too much
Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102506 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing
