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战争的物质领域

ID：54181

大小：2.41 MB

页数：50页

时间：2023-04-09

金币：10

上传者：战必胜
CHAPTER
VIII
THE
PHYSICAL
SPHERE
OF
WAR
The
first
ground
handful
of
nitre,
sulphur,
and
charcoal
drove
monk
Schwartz's
pestle
through
the
ceiling:
what
will
the
last
do
?-T.
CARLYLE.
I.
THE
PHYSICAL
ASPECT
OF
WAR
IT
is
in
the
physical
sphere
of
war
that
we
find
the
most
pronounced
differences
to
peace,
for
war
is
pre-eminently
a
physical
struggle
for
mastership
in
which
the
moral
conventions
of
civilized
nations
are
temporarily
set
in
abeyance.
So
powerful
is
this
final
manifestation
of
force
that
even
to-day
it
still
obscures
the
purpose
of
war,
and,
in
the
mind
of
the
average
soldier,
replaces
the
political
object
by
one
of
a
purely
military
value.
Destruction
of
the
enemy's
physical
strength
is
the
canon
of
the
physical
school
of
war;
to
the
moral
school,
it
is
the
destruc-
*tion
of
the
enemy's
will.
I
have
touched
upon
the
views
held
by
these
two
schools
in
my
last
chapter,
and
for
a
moment
I
will
return
to
them,
for,
unless
a
true
relationship
is
established
between
the
moral
and
physical
spheres,
the
soldier
is
apt
to
go
astray,
as
so
many
soldiers
in
the
past
have
done.
As
a base
of
argument
I
will
quote
a
passage
from
Marshal
Foch's
Principles
of
War.
He
writes:
"Ninety
thousand
vanquished
men
withdraw
before
ninety
thousand
victors
merely
because
they
have
had
enough
of
it,
and
they
have
had
enough
of
it
because
they
no
longer
believe
in
victory,
because
they
are
demoralized,
because
their
moral
resistance
is
exhausted
"
(General
Cardot)
(merely
moral:
for
the
physical
situation
is
the
same
on
both
sides).
It
was
with
this
in
his
mind
that
Joseph
de
Maistre
wrote:
"
A
battle
lost
is
a
battle
one
thinks
one
has
lost;
for,"
he
added,
"
a
battle
cannot
be
lost
physically."
Therefore
it
can
only
be
lost
morally.
But,
then,
it
is
also
morally
that
a
battle
is
won,
and
we
may
extend
the
aphorism
by
saying:
A
battle
won
is
a
battle
in
which
one
will
not
confess
oneself
beaten.
This
is
magnificent,
but
it
has
little
to
do
with
the
reality
of
war;
in
fact,
it
is
common
nonsense.
1
The
Principles
of
War,
p.
286.
I44
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