Case Report
The Off-Line Simulation on Measuring through Software
PC-DMIS CAD++ V4.3
Vladimír Rudy
1
, Marián Králik
2
, Peter Malega
1,
* and Naqib Daneshjo
3
Citation: Rudy, V.; Králik, M.;
Malega, P.; Daneshjo, N. The Off-Line
Simulation on Measuring through
Software PC-DMIS CAD++ V4.3.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 6556. https://
doi.org/10.3390/app11146556
Academic Editor: Arkadiusz Gola
Received: 17 June 2021
Accepted: 15 July 2021
Published: 16 July 2021
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1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Management, Industrial and Digital Engineering,
Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; vladimir.rudy@tuke.sk
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Manufacturing Systems, Environmental Technology and
Quality Management, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Namestie Slobody 17,
81231 Bratislava, Slovakia; marian.kralik@stuba.sk
3
Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemska Cesta 1,
85235 Bratislava, Slovakia; daneshjo47@gmail.com
* Correspondence: peter.malega@tuke.sk; Tel.: +421-55-602-3236
Abstract:
The article analyses and evaluates the ever-important topic of assessing geometric deviation
of tolerated formations related to bases with the usage of coordinate measuring machines. The basic
system for off-line simulation consists of the coordinate planes of a component’s coordinate system.
At the beginning of the measurement, the coordinate system is created by the “3–2–1” alignment. Due
to production deviations in real surfaces of the component, each measurement generates mutually
different coordinate systems, which is well proven by the experiment on measuring with a coordinate
measuring machine DEA Global Performance 12.22.10. An integral part of the article is also the
quantification of geometric deviations of ideal tolerated formations related to bases, the estimate of
the uncertainty of measurement arising from the placement of points in defining the base system,
and the effect of such uncertainty upon the interval of satisfactory values in conformity with the STN
EN ISO 14253-1 technical standard. The article also includes a proposal measure in order to ensure
the reproducibility of defining the mutual position of coordinate systems.
Keywords:
coordinate measuring machine; means of measuring; DEA; parametric model; measuring
program; measuring protocol; uncertainty of measurement; STN EN ISO 14253-1
1. Introduction
1.1. The State-of-the-Art
Kumru and Kumru [
1
] stated that the production system performance usually depends
on the chosen types of machine tools used by companies. The overall production system
performance can be adversely affected by incorrectly chosen machine tools. Zhang et al. [
2
],
in their research, pointed out the fact that large-scale measurement systems are widely
used in industrial measurement fields such as robot performance evaluation, ship building,
aerospace assembling, railway facility collimation and calibration, automobile quality
inspection, numerical control machine calibration, reverse engineering and so on. The
rapid progress observed today in the field of engineering design includes the growing need
to incorporate shapes of complex geometry into design, as Skalski et al. [3] explained.
A constant development of computer numerical control (CNC) production machines
and their operating systems enables the production of complex machine parts with high
measurement and shape accuracy, as Adams [
4
] explained. Wdowik et al. [
5
] mentioned
that the challenges of today’s competitive environment are the result of new development
in the construction of CNC machine tools and coordinate measuring machines (CMMs).
Nekrasov and Tempel [
6
] reported that the creation and usage of flexible production mod-
ules and production complexes for material processing by cutting leads to the acquisition
and widespread usage of CNC machines. Swornowski [
7
], in his research, presented the
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 6556. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146556 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci
