Page 376 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 1801
Sec.
1803. Designation of judges.
1804. Applications for court orders.
1805. Issuance or order.
1805a to 1805c. Repealed.
1806. Use of information.
1807. Report to Administrative Office of the United
States Court and to Congress.
1808. Report of Attorney General to Congressional
committees; limitation on authority or re-
sponsibility of information gathering ac-
tivities of Congressional committees; report
of Congressional committees to Congress.
1809. Criminal sanctions.
1810. Civil liability.
1811. Authorization during time of war.
1812. Statement of exclusive means by which elec-
tronic surveillance and interception of cer-
tain communications may be conducted.
SUBCHAPTER II—PHYSICAL SEARCHES
1821. Definitions.
1822. Authorization of physical searches for foreign
intelligence purposes.
1823. Application for order.
1824. Issuance of order.
1825. Use of information.
1826. Congressional oversight.
1827. Penalties.
1828. Civil liability.
1829. Authorization during time of war.
SUBCHAPTER III—PEN REGISTERS AND TRAP
AND TRACE DEVICES FOR FOREIGN INTEL-
LIGENCE PURPOSES
1841. Definitions.
1842. Pen registers and trap and trace devices for
foreign intelligence and international ter-
rorism investigations.
1843. Authorization during emergencies.
1844. Authorization during time of war.
1845. Use of information.
1846. Congressional oversight.
SUBCHAPTER IV—ACCESS TO CERTAIN BUSINESS
RECORDS FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PUR-
POSES
1861. Access to certain business records for foreign
intelligence and international terrorism in-
vestigations.
1862. Congressional oversight.
1863. Repealed.
SUBCHAPTER V—REPORTING REQUIREMENT
1871. Semiannual report of the Attorney General.
SUBCHAPTER VI—ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES RE-
GARDING CERTAIN PERSONS OUTSIDE THE
UNITED STATES
1881. Definitions.
1881a. Procedures for targeting certain persons out-
side the United States other than United
States persons.
1881b. Certain acquisitions inside the United States
targeting United States persons outside the
United States.
1881c. Other acquisitions targeting United States
persons outside the United States.
1881d. Joint applications and concurrent authoriza-
tions.
1881e. Use of information acquired under this sub-
chapter.
1881f. Congressional oversight.
1881g. Savings provision.
SUBCHAPTER VII—PROTECTION OF PERSONS
ASSISTING THE GOVERNMENT
1885. Definitions.
1885a. Procedures for implementing statutory de-
fenses.
Sec.
1885b. Preemption.
1885c. Reporting.
SUBCHAPTER I—ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLANCE
§ 1801. Definitions
As used in this subchapter:
(a) ‘‘Foreign power’’ means—
(1) a foreign government or any component
thereof, whether or not recognized by the
United States;
(2) a faction of a foreign nation or nations,
not substantially composed of United States
persons;
(3) an entity that is openly acknowledged
by a foreign government or governments to
be directed and controlled by such foreign
government or governments;
(4) a group engaged in international ter-
rorism or activities in preparation therefor;
(5) a foreign-based political organization,
not substantially composed of United States
persons;
(6) an entity that is directed and con-
trolled by a foreign government or govern-
ments; or
(7) an entity not substantially composed of
United States persons that is engaged in the
international proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction.
(b) ‘‘Agent of a foreign power’’ means—
(1) any person other than a United States
person, who—
(A) acts in the United States as an offi-
cer or employee of a foreign power, or as a
member of a foreign power as defined in
subsection (a)(4) of this section;
(B) acts for or on behalf of a foreign
power which engages in clandestine intel-
ligence activities in the United States con-
trary to the interests of the United States,
when the circumstances of such person’s
presence in the United States indicate
that such person may engage in such ac-
tivities in the United States, or when such
person knowingly aids or abets any person
in the conduct of such activities or know-
ingly conspires with any person to engage
in such activities;
(C) engages in international terrorism or
activities in preparation therefore;
(D) engages in the international pro-
liferation of weapons of mass destruction,
or activities in preparation therefor; or
(E) engages in the international pro-
liferation of weapons of mass destruction,
or activities in preparation therefor for or
on behalf of a foreign power; or
(2) any person who—
(A) knowingly engages in clandestine in-
telligence gathering activities for or on be-
half of a foreign power, which activities in-
volve or may involve a violation of the
criminal statutes of the United States;
(B) pursuant to the direction of an intel-
ligence service or network of a foreign
power, knowingly engages in any other
clandestine intelligence activities for or
