Citation: Yi, W.; Lu, Z.; Hao, J.;
Zhang, X.; Chen, Y.; Huang, Z. A
Spectrum Correction Method Based
on Optimizing Turbulence Intensity.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 66. https://
doi.org/10.3390/app12010066
Academic Editors:
Luis Hernández-Callejo,
Sara Gallardo Saavedra and
Sergio Nesmachnow
Received: 20 October 2021
Accepted: 6 December 2021
Published: 22 December 2021
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Article
A Spectrum Correction Method Based on Optimizing
Turbulence Intensity
Wenwu Yi
1,2
, Ziqi Lu
1,2
, Junbo Hao
1,2
, Xinge Zhang
1,2
, Yan Chen
1,2,
* and Zhihong Huang
1,2
1
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Shantou University,
Shantou 515063, China; 19wwyi@stu.edu.cn (W.Y.); 20zqlu@stu.edu.cn (Z.L.); 19jbhao@stu.edu.cn (J.H.);
19xgzhang@stu.edu.cn (X.Z.); zhhuang@stu.edu.cn (Z.H.)
2
Institute of Energy Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
* Correspondence: ychen@stu.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-138-2968-2901
Abstract: Based on the classical spectral representation method of simulating turbulent wind speed
fluctuation, a harmonic superposition algorithm was introduced in detail to calculate the homoge-
neous turbulence wind field simulation in space. From the view of the validity of the numerical
simulation results in MATLAB and the simulation efficiency, this paper discussed the reason for the
bias existing between three types of turbulence intensity involved in the whole simulation process:
simulated turbulence intensity, setting reference turbulence intensity, and theoretical turbulence inten-
sity. Therefore, a novel spectral correction method of a standard deviation compensation coefficient
was proposed. The simulation verification of the correction method was carried out based on the
Kaimal spectrum recommended by IEC61400-1 by simulating the uniform turbulent wind field in
one-dimensional space at the height of the hub of a 15 MW wind turbine and in two-dimensional
space in the rotor swept area. The results showed that the spectral correction method proposed in
this paper can effectively optimize the turbulence intensity of the simulated wind field, generate
more effective simulation points, and significantly improve the simulation efficiency.
Keywords:
uniform wind field simulation; turbulence intensity; deviation of standard deviation;
spectral representation
1. Introduction
The random turbulent wind is one of the critical factors causing the fatigue load
of wind turbine blades. Aerodynamic analysis of wind turbines under the influence of
turbulence is a vital basis for designing the ultimate load and fatigue load [
1
]. Meanwhile,
with the trend of large-scale and flexible blades, the coupling of nonlinear aerodynamic
and structural problems with the environment becomes more complex. Therefore, it is
of great significance to establish a pulsating wind field model with high adaptability to
multiple design conditions and complicated incoming flow environments in line with
engineering applications.
In engineering practice, considering the speed of the solution and data processing
is important. While using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to solve
Navier-Stokes equations results in a high accuracy, this method is complex and heavily
dependent on computer performance. Accordingly, the current research on turbulent wind
field simulation tends to be based on classical stochastic process theory. The PSD (power
spectral density) function is employed to simulate the time history of pulsating wind
speed. Regularly, Harris spectrum, Von Karman spectrum, Simiu spectrum, and Kaimal
spectrum are applied to power spectral density models [
2
–
6
]. Shinozuka proposed the
harmonic synthesis method to settle the matter of the stationary Gaussian random process
and non-stationary random process of wind speed time history simulation, introducing the
double index frequency combined with FFT technology to achieve the ergodic properties
of each state of the simulation curve [
7
,
8
]. Lagrange interpolation, Hermite interpolation,
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010066 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci
