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FM 90-10-1Pt2C1(95)

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ID：57502

大小：11.19 MB

页数：152页

时间：2023-05-27

金币：10

上传者：战必胜
APPENDIX
A
NUCLEAR,
BIOLOGICAL,
AND
CHEMICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Current
US
policy
regarding
lethal or
incapacitating
agents
is
that
their
use
against
an
armed
enemy
requires
approval
at
the
national
command
authority
level.
Potential
enemies
may
not
operate
under
the
same
restrictions.
Field
commanders
must
beprepared
to
assume
an
adequate
NBC
defensive
posture
when
engaged
in
urban
fighting.
Leaders
must
be
aware
of
how the
built-up
environment
affects
the
protection,
detec-
tion,
and
decontamination
process.
Buildings
are
usually
not
strong
enough
to
provide
shelter
from
a
nuclear
explosion
but
doprovide
some
protection
against
fallout.
They
also
have
unique
characteristics
con-
cerning
the
use
of
biological
and
chemical
agents.
Personnel
who
must
move
through
a
contaminated
built-up
area should
employ
the proce-
dures
outlined
in
FM
3-3,
FM
3-4,
FM
3-5,
and
FM
3-100.
A-i.
PROTECTION
FROM
NBC
The
lowest
floor or
basement
of
a
reinforced
concrete
or steel-formed
building
offers
good
protection
from
nuclear
hazards
and
liquid
chemical
contamination.
Tunnels,
storm
drains,
subway
tubes,
and
sewers
provide
better
protection
than
buildings.
Tanks,
BFVs,
and APCs
also
provide
protection.
a.
Biological
attacks
are
difficult
to
detect
or
recognize.
Biological
agents
can
be disseminated
by
using
aerosols,
vectors,
and
covert
methods
(see
FM
3-3
for
more detailed information.)
Since
biological
agents
can
be
sprayed
or
dropped
in
bomblets,
personnel
who
observe
such
indicators
should
promptly
report
them.
Prompt
reporting
and
treatment
of
the
sick
speeds
the
employment
of
medical
countermeasures.
Although
buildings
and
shelters
provide
some
protection
against
spraying,
they
provide
little
protection
against
biological
agents.
b.
Chemical
agents
cause
casualties
by
being
inhaled or
by
being
ab-
sorbed through
the
skin.
They
may
afford
soldiers
a
few
seconds
to
mask.
Buildings
have
a
channeling
effect
and
tend
to
contain
the
effects
of
an agent,
causing
great
variation
in
chemical
concentration
from
room
to
room
or
from
building
to
building.
Chemical
agents
usually
settle
in
low
places,
making
sewers
and
subways
hazardous
hiding
places.
A
prepared
defender
should include
some
collective
protective measures
in
the
defensive
net-
work.
Personnel
using
fans
may
be able to
put
enough
overpressure
into
tunnels
to
keep
some
chemical
agents
from
entering.
The
individual
protec-
tive
mask
and
battle
dress
overgarment
provide
the best
protection
against
chemical agents.
c.
Personal
hygiene
is
a
critical
defensive
measure
against infection and
disease.
Unfortunately,
built-up
areas
are
characterized
by
sophisticated
sanitation
systems.
When
those
systems
are
destroyed,
the
resulting
sanitary
conditions
become
much
worse
than those
in
areas
where
sanitary
facilities
do
not
exist.
Commanders
must
ensure
that
personnel
employ
sanitation
measures
and
that
their
immunizations
are
current.
A-i
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