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哈马斯：历史和政治背景（2021）

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时间：2023-10-11

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HAMAS: A
HISTORICAL
AND
POLITICAL
BACKGROUND
ZIAD
ABU-AMR
Hamas-the
Islamic
Resistance
Movement-was
born
of
the
intifada,
which
marked
the
beginning
of
the
true
political
revival
of
the
Islamic
forces
in
the
West
Bank
and
Gaza
Strip
in
the
face
of
Israeli
occupation
on
the
one
hand,
and
the
national
secular
forces
led
by
the
PLO on
the
other.
Up
until
that
time,
the
most
important
Islamic
movement in
the
occupied
territories,
the
Muslim
Brotherhood,
had
shied
away
from
active
resistance
against the
Israeli
occupation,
a
decision
that
stood in
the
way of
its full
development as
a
popular
force.
This
situation
was
suddenly to
change
with
the
outbreak of
the
Palestinian
uprising, which
led
the Muslim
Brotherhood to
play
an
active
role
in
the
resistance
for
the
first
time.
This
it
did
through
Hamas,
the
organ-
ization
it
created
from
its
own
ranks
expressly
for
that
purpose.
It
was
thus
that
the
Islamic
movement,
after
many
years
in
existence,
was
able to
emerge
as
the
first
true
challenge
ever
posed in
the
occupied
territories to
the
domi-
nant
nationalist
trend.
The
new
force-for
Hamas
soon
overshadowed
its
parent
organization-
now
prevails in
a
number
of
localities,
especially
the
Gaza
Strip,
with
a
mag-
nitude that
parallels
that of
Fateh,
the
largest of
the
PLO
factions.
Its
emer-
gence has
brought about a
state of
imbalance in
the
political
forces
that had
held
sway
for
decades.
Moreover,
the
developing
rivalry
between the Islamic
Ziad
Abu-Amr,
an
associate
professor
of
political
science
at
Birzeit
University,
is
the
author
of Islamic
Fundamentalism
in
the
West
Bank
and
Gaza:
The
Muslim
Brotherhood
and
Islamic Jihad
(Indiana
University
Press,
forthcoming).
This
article
is
based
on
an
article
that
appeared in
the
spring
1993
issue of
our
sister
publication,
Majallat
al-Dirasat
al-Filastiniya.
Joumnal
of
Palestine
Studies
XXII,
no.
4
(Summer
1993), pp.
5-19.
Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/jps/article-pdf/22/4/5/163464/2538077.pdf by guest on 24 June 2020
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